{"id":1973,"date":"2025-04-07T08:12:01","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T08:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/?p=1973"},"modified":"2025-04-07T09:49:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T09:49:20","slug":"novela-zakon-ma-uohs-vybavit-novymi-pravomocemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/2025\/04\/07\/novela-zakon-ma-uohs-vybavit-novymi-pravomocemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Novela z\u00e1kona m\u00e1 \u00daOHS vybavit nov\u00fdmi pravomocemi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Nem\u00e1 to b\u00fdt jen kosmetick\u00e1 \u00faprava. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 zm\u011bny zahrnuj\u00ed zaveden\u00ed p\u0159estupk\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob, nov\u00fd sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1stroj a tzv. call-in model posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eitel\u016f. To v\u0161e je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu novely z\u00e1kona, kterou u\u017e loni p\u0159edlo\u017eil \u00da\u0159ad pro ochranu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee (\u00daOHS). Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f z ROWAN LEGAL p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u00fdzvy a mohou m\u00edt dopad na hospod\u00e1\u0159skou sout\u011b\u017e v \u010cesku.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pravomoci \u00daOHS by mohly brzy pos\u00edlit. Legislativn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem, kter\u00fd by to m\u011bl umo\u017enit, je z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee v novelizovan\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed. Novela m\u00e1 za c\u00edl pos\u00edlit pravomoci \u00fa\u0159adu v oblasti dohledu nad tr\u017en\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Pokud by byla novela schv\u00e1lena, \u00fa\u0159ad by z\u00edskal mo\u017enost ukl\u00e1dat p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sankce a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed pravomoci. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed experti upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na to, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed t\u011bchto pravomoc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nezanedbatelnou v\u00fdzvou pro sou\u010dasn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed sout\u011b\u017en\u00edho pr\u00e1va v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e<em>Novela, kterou \u00daOHS p\u0159edstavil loni v kv\u011btnu, je velmi ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed a jej\u00ed schv\u00e1len\u00ed v navrhovan\u00e9 podob\u011b nen\u00ed jist\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zm\u011bny, zejm\u00e9na ty, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed \u00fa\u0159adu, mohou je\u0161t\u011b b\u00fdt p\u0159edm\u011btem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed diskuse v legislativn\u00edm procesu. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 bude nal\u00e9zt rovnov\u00e1hu mezi pot\u0159ebou efektivn\u00edho dohledu nad hospod\u00e1\u0159skou sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jistoty pro sout\u011b\u017eitele. Legislativn\u00ed \u00fapravy v oblasti hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dopad na podnikatelsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a proto je nezbytn\u00e9, aby byly pe\u010dliv\u011b formulov\u00e1ny s ohledem na proporcionalitu a p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost jejich dopad\u016f,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed Ji\u0159\u00ed M\u0148uk, advok\u00e1t ROWAN LEGAL a specialista na sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Novela z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee obsahuje celkem t\u0159i v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 posiluj\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u00fa\u0159adu. Novela by do \u010desk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du jednak zavedla kategorii p\u0159estupk\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob, jich\u017e by se bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dopustit p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed protisout\u011b\u017en\u00edch dohod. Takovou dohodou by pak byla nejen dohoda kartelov\u00e9ho typu, tedy mezi konkurenty, ale i tzv. vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed dohoda, tedy mezi dodavatelem a odb\u011bratelem. P\u0159estupek by se t\u00fdkal jedn\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00fdch osob v&nbsp;souvislosti s dohodami, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je naru\u0161it hospod\u00e1\u0159skou sout\u011b\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e<em>Zaveden\u00ed p\u0159estupk\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou zm\u011bnu v postihov\u00e1n\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed sout\u011b\u017en\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;podstatn\u00fdch aspekt\u016f je navrhovan\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e pokut, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na jednotlivce zna\u010dn\u00fd dopad. \u00daOHS navrhuje horn\u00ed hranici 10 milion\u016f korun, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sankcionov\u00e1no by mohlo b\u00fdt i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nebylo dokon\u010deno. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee postih by mohl nastat i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy k&nbsp;protisout\u011b\u017en\u00ed dohod\u011b mezi spole\u010dnostmi fakticky nakonec nedojde. C\u00edlem t\u00e9to \u00fapravy je odradit sout\u011b\u017eitele od potenci\u00e1ln\u011b problematick\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 klade d\u016fraz na pot\u0159ebu jasn\u00fdch pravidel a d\u016fsledn\u00e9ho dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed compliance syst\u00e9m\u016f,\u201c <\/em>komentuje Ji\u0159\u00ed M\u0148uk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Druhou novinkou je zaveden\u00ed tzv. nov\u00e9ho sout\u011b\u017en\u00edho n\u00e1stroje. D\u00edky n\u011bmu by \u00daOHS mohl identifikovat trhy, na nich\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k podstatn\u00e9mu naru\u0161en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee, a pot\u00e9 zde stanovovat specifick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky spojov\u00e1n\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eitel\u016f \u010di jim ukl\u00e1dat r\u016fzn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k n\u00e1prav\u011b. Jde o mechanismus inspirovan\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravou v jin\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie \u2013 v posledn\u00edch letech se ob\u010das hovo\u0159\u00ed i o mo\u017enosti jeho zaveden\u00ed pro celou unii. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed experti v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee vymezen\u00ed pojmu \u201epodstatn\u00e9 naru\u0161en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee\u201c v n\u00e1vrhu novely z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k r\u016fzn\u00fdm v\u00fdklad\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e<em>Nov\u00fd sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1stroj m\u016f\u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it p\u016fsobnost \u00daOHS, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona neup\u0159es\u0148uje v\u0161echny situace, ve kter\u00fdch by mohl b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit. To otev\u00edr\u00e1 prostor pro dal\u0161\u00ed diskusi o jeho konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci. N\u00e1vrh po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s mo\u017enost\u00ed na\u0159izovat opat\u0159en\u00ed k n\u00e1prav\u011b, kter\u00e1 mohou zahrnovat nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u017eadavek na transparentn\u00ed a nediskrimina\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm a informac\u00edm nebo \u00fapravu uzav\u00edran\u00fdch dohod. Obecn\u011b se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee tento n\u00e1stroj by mohl b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit nap\u0159\u00edklad na trz\u00edch s men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b oligopoln\u00edch struktur,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje Ji\u0159\u00ed M\u0148uk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Posledn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 navrhovan\u00e1 zm\u011bna se t\u00fdk\u00e1 uz\u00e1kon\u011bn\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho, co lze ozna\u010dit jako call-in model posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eitel\u016f. \u00daOHS podle st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pravidel posuzuje ta spojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou mu oznamov\u00e1na po dosa\u017een\u00ed jasn\u011b definovan\u00fdch obratov\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. Nov\u011b by ale z\u00edskal pravomoc na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00e1zi p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat i spojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tato krit\u00e9ria nespl\u0148uj\u00ed. Jasn\u011b jsou zde uvedeny p\u0159\u00edpady spln\u011bn\u00ed krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, kdy celkov\u00fd obrat sout\u011b\u017eitel\u016f p\u0159es\u00e1hne hranici 1,5 miliardy korun a jejich individu\u00e1ln\u00ed obrat 100 milion\u016f. I zde ale nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na formulku o \u201epodstatn\u00e9m naru\u0161en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e<em>V tomto bod\u011b nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e9, za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek bude \u00fa\u0159ad moci zakro\u010dit. N\u00e1vrh lze vn\u00edmat jako ambici revidovat podm\u00ednky a krit\u00e9ria pro notifikaci spojen\u00ed sout\u011b\u017eitel\u016f. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky k&nbsp;aplikaci t\u00e9to \u00fapravy st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9. V souvislosti s dal\u0161\u00edmi navrhovan\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee postaven\u00ed \u00daOHS by mohlo b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b novely pos\u00edleno. Tato \u00faprava by v\u00e9st k&nbsp;vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nejistot\u011b o tom, zda \u00daOHS n\u011bjakou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed transakci bude nakonec p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat, co\u017e bude vy\u017eadovat tak\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch dopad\u016f na podnikatelsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a vhodn\u00e9 zohledn\u011bn\u00ed v&nbsp;jedn\u00e1n\u00edch o r\u016fzn\u00fdch transakc\u00edch,\u201c <\/em>uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Ji\u0159\u00ed M\u0148uk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Foto: AdobeStock<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nem\u00e1 to b\u00fdt jen kosmetick\u00e1 \u00faprava. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 zm\u011bny zahrnuj\u00ed zaveden\u00ed p\u0159estupk\u016f fyzick\u00fdch osob, nov\u00fd sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1stroj a tzv. call-in model<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1974,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout"},"categories":[58],"tags":[260,262,203,98,261],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1973"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1996,"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973\/revisions\/1996"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iforbes.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}